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IJIMS.2015.134

Type of Article: Review

Volume 2; Issue 10: October 2015

Page No.: 186-189

DOI: 10.16965/ijims.2015.134

 

Grapefruit Juice: Nutritional Values and Drug Interactions

Sujit Kumar Sarker *1,  Khin Darli Tun 1, Eliza Omar Eva 2, Ratna Paul 3.

*1 Faculty of Medicine, International Medical School, Management & Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.

2 Department of Pharmacology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

3 Mohammadpur Fertility Services & Training Centre, Mohammadpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

CORRESPONDING AUTHOR ADDRESS: Dr. Sujit Kumar Sarker, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, International Medical School, Management & Science University, Malaysia, E-Mail: sujit_swapna@yahoo.com.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Grapefruits are large, rounded citrus fruit. The fruits were bred in 18th century as a cross between pomelo and orange. They were given the name grapefruit because of the way they grew in clusters similar to grapes. Grapefruits vary from yellow to pink and red. Its taste also varies from sour or bitter to sweet. Its fleshes are either pink or white colour.

Nutritional values: Grapefruits are low in calories but full of nutrients. It provides calories, niacin, ascorbic acid, vitamin A, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, carbohydrate, protein, fat, iron, sodium, riboflavin and thiamine. Grapefruit juice help to lower risk from many diseases and also help to reduce weight.

Pharmacology: Certain substances in grapefruit juice inhibit the cytochrome P450 (CYP3A4) and increase plasma concentrations of co-administered drug that can produce toxic effect.  Grapefruit juice also lower plasma drug concentrations with few drugs by inhibiting drug absorption catalysed by the organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP). By inhibition of P-glycoprotein grapefruit juice also increases bioavailability of oral drug.

Drug interactions: The opportunity for a food-drug interaction is common for grapefruit juice. It has potential interactions with lipid lowering agents, calcium channel blockers, cytotoxic drugs, antidepressants, antimalarials, drugs used in erectile dysfunction and many other drugs as well.

Conclusion: As Grapefruits have potential interactions with many medicines so it should be taken cautiously and further research are required for optimal use.

KEY WORDS: Grapefruit, Grapefruit juice, Food-Drug interactions, Citrus fruit interactions.

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