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ISSN: 2394-4137 (E) 2394-6318 (P)

IJIMS.2018.108

Type of Article: Original Research

Volume 5; Issue 4: 2018

Page No.: 613-618

DOI: 10.16965/ijims.2018.108

 

A STUDY ON CLASSIFICATION OF ACUTE LEUKAEMIAS ON THE BASIS OF CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES AND MOLECULAR GENETICS

S. Praveena *1, B Indusree 2.

*1 Assistant professor, Pathology Department, Dr. Patnam Mahender reddy institute of medical sciences and Hospital, Chevella, Rangareddy, Telangana, India.

2 Consultant Pathologist, Director, Shree Krishna Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Corresponding author: S. Praveena, Assistant professor, Pathology Department, Dr. Patnam Mahender reddy institute of medical sciences and Hospital, Chevella, Rangareddy, Telangana, India. E-Mail: praveena.bhushan@gmail.com

Abstract:

During the 25 months of study from August 2010 to September 2012 a total of 36 cases of leukaemias were studied in the Department of pathology, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal in collaboration with Lifeline Diagnostics, Hyderabad. Out of 36 cases, 20 cases were AML, 15 cases were ALL and 1 case was mixed phenotypic acute leukaemia. The highest number of cases in the adults belonged to AML (16 cases). In children ALL (13cases) formed the majority of cases followed by AML (4 cases). Male: female ratio was 1.76:1. Fever (61.1%) was the most common presentation in the study population followed by splenomegaly (38.8%). Out of the AML cases studied, 13 cases were diagnosed by morphology alone and in 5 cases, cytogenetic study helped in sub typing the cases. Out of the ALL cases studied 5 cases were diagnosed by morphology alone and in 3 Cases, cytogenetic studies confirmed the diagnosis. MPO stain was done on all cases of acute leukaemias and (20 cases) out of these showed   positivity favoring a diagnosis of AML. PAS stain was done on all cases (7 cases) of which showed block positivity favoring a diagnosis of ALL. Immunophenotyping alone gave a definitive diagnosis in cases (25 cases). 1 case was diagnosed as mixed lineage acute leukaemia on Immunophenotyping which showed positivity for CD117, CD13, CD33, CD3, CD5. Only a total of 1 case failed on culture. Normal karyotying was seen in 26 cases. Cytogenetic studies helped in detecting other uncommon chromosomal abnormalities like hyper/hyperploids states which paved way for prognostication of the study population. FISH was done only in 3 cases.

Key words: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia, Acute Myeloid Leukaemia, Acute Myeloid Leukaemia-M4 Eosinophilic Variant, Acute Promyelocytic Leukaemia.

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